Adversity refers to difficulties, misfortunes, or hardships. There are six types of adversity: physical adversity, mental adversity, emotional adversity, social adversity, spiritual adversity, and financial adversity. Psychosocial refers to the connection between social factors and an individual’s thoughts and behaviors. Research finds that people exposed to a lifetime of psychosocial adversity may experience impaired abilities…
In a study conducted in 2018, researchers found opioid overdose rates declined as women progressed through pregnancy, but increased significantly after giving birth. A follow-up study conducted in 2019 discovered that there are several risk factors associated with this trend of a postpartum opioid overdose. The Risk Factors The risk factors of postpartum opioid overdose…
It is a common misconception that tolerance, dependence, and addiction describe the same thing. However, each of these terms describes different ways in which drugs affect someone’s body and brain. The differences between these three terms are important for understanding the complexities of addiction. Tolerance Tolerance occurs when a person’s physical response to a substance,…
Behavioral science experts believe that anything that can stimulate a person can also become addictive. When a habit turns into an obligation, or when something one likes to do turns into something that one has to do, it is considered an addiction. Addiction is a dependence on a substance, such as drugs or alcohol, or…
The American Psychological Association defines displacement as the transfer of feelings or behavior from the originating source to another person or thing. It is considered a defense mechanism where the person releases tensions associated with fear and hostility and takes them out on a less threatening target. Evidence of this occurs in children who may…
Opioid addiction research mostly focuses on the prevention, development, and consequences of this disorder, without concentrating on individuals who have recovered from their addiction and how they attained their recovery. A research study focusing on those who achieved long-term recovery found that those who succeeded utilized multiple resources to maintain sobriety. The researchers used data…
Alcohol consumption by parents trying to conceive a child increases the risk of the offspring developing congenital heart disease. Research finds that aspiring mothers, as well as fathers, should both avoid consuming alcohol before conception to protect the baby from congenital heart defects. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a problem with the heart’s function and…
The debate about drinking alcohol during pregnancy has been raging since the 20th century. It was common for pregnant women to drink during pregnancy amid the 1950s and 1960s. However, with all of the medical and technological developments since that era, more evidence points to alcohol being detrimental to a developing fetus. The debate rages…
Children who are bullied, by friends or siblings, are more likely to contemplate suicide in early adulthood. According to the American Psychological Association, “bullying is defined as a form of aggressive behavior in which someone intentionally and repeatedly causes another person injury or discomfort.” It can take on many forms, from physical contact to verbal…
A study from the Queen’s University of Belfast published by The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) reported that people with narcissistic traits are more likely to be mentally resilient, feel less stressed out, and be less vulnerable to depression. Although society views narcissism mostly in a negative light, and as an undesirable personality trait,…